House Plant Tips
Tired, worn-out soil has been the ruin of many a houseplant.
Potting soils are made mostly of peat moss and are not designed
to hold up over time. Peat breaks down after just a few years, leaving plant
roots with insufficient soil to grow properly.
The solution is to re-pot with fresh soil. If the plant is
pot-bound, with large roots growing along the inside edge of the pot, step it up
to a larger pot. If you wish to use the same container, simply scrape away some
of the old soil from the bottom and sides of the root ball. Set the plant back
in the same pot, adding fresh soil along the bottom and the inside
edges.
Choose a quality potting soil with a mixture of
peat, perlite and vermiculite.
High quality potting soils will be more expensive, but are well worth the
cost.
You can also make your own potting soil by purchasing separate
ingredients in small bags at garden centers and nurseries. Mix equal parts of
peat, perlite and vermiculite to make your own potting mix. If you're potting
cacti or other succulents, replace the peat with sand.
A buildup of salt goes hand-in-hand with tired soils. Over
time, salts from fertilizer and tap water accumulate in the pot. They appear as
a white crust on the soil surface, the inner pot rim and the outter surface of
clay pots. Too much salt can cause plant leaves to burn around the margins and
fall off.
Pots with heavy buildup of salts should be
discarded.
Salts can be leached out of the soil by watering heavily to
dissolve them and wash them out the drainage holes. First, water the plant with
the normal amount of water. Wait a few hours until the salts dissolve. Then,
water again heavily. As water flows through and out the pot, salts will be
washed out.
Over watering, especially during winter, will cause plant leaves
to yellow and drop off. It will also result in a stunting of the affected plant.
Water-soaked roots will eventually die, killing the plant.
Potting plants in a well drained soil mix will help prevent
injury from over watering. It's a good idea to allow plants top go a little
longer between watering than you would normally. Most potted plants are not
actively growing in the winter and so do not need as much water.
Using a moisture meter to determine when the plants need water
is a good idea. Moisture meters are inexpensive and available at most garden
centers and nurseries. They really do work!
Watering with cold tap water can damage plants, especially
tropical houseplants. This is a problem in winter when water pipes running into
the house become cold. Always use water that is at room temperature or slightly
warm. Some plants are also sensitive to chemicals added to our tap water. These
include chlorine and floride. Letting the water set overnight will allow these
chemicals to evaporate and make the water safer to use for your houseplants.
If you leave on vacation, be sure your plants are provided for.
Have a friend come in and water when necessary. Also when you're away, don't set
the thermostat too low. Many tropical plants will chill if temperatures fall
below 60 degrees F.